lasinfo (210611) report for 'AHN4T/46DZ1_11.LAZ' reporting all LAS header entries: file signature: 'LASF' file source ID: 0 global_encoding: 16 project ID GUID data 1-4: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 version major.minor: 1.4 system identifier: 'GeoTiles.nl' generating software: 'PDAL 2.3.0 (5f4276)' file creation day/year: 339/2022 header size: 375 offset to point data: 3559 number var. length records: 4 point data format: 8 point data record length: 44 number of point records: 28707385 number of points by return: 26406513 1655104 529869 104482 11417 scale factor x y z: 0.001 0.001 0.001 offset x y z: 189980 402480 0 min x y z: 189980.000 402480.000 15.342 max x y z: 191019.999 403769.999 65.124 start of waveform data packet record: 0 start of first extended variable length record: 0 number of extended_variable length records: 0 extended number of point records: 28707385 extended number of points by return: 26406513 1655104 529869 104482 11417 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 variable length header record 1 of 4: reserved 0 user ID 'LASF_Spec' record ID 7 length after header 576 description 'Extra Bytes Record' variable length header record 2 of 4: reserved 0 user ID 'LASF_Spec' record ID 4 length after header 576 description 'RIEGL Extra Bytes' Extra Byte Descriptions data type: 3 (unsigned short), name "Amplitude", description: "Echo signal amplitude [dB]", min:, 0, max:, 10000, scale: 0.01, offset: 0 (not set) data type: 4 (short), name "Reflectance", description: "Echo signal reflectance [dB]", min:, -5000, max:, 15000, scale: 0.01, offset: 0 (not set) data type: 3 (unsigned short), name "Deviation", description: "Pulse shape deviation", min:, 0, max:, 65535, scale: 1 (not set), offset: 0 (not set) variable length header record 3 of 4: reserved 0 user ID 'LASF_Projection' record ID 2112 length after header 908 description 'OGC Transformation Record' WKT OGC COORDINATE SYSTEM: COMPD_CS["Amersfoort / RD New + NAP height",PROJCS["Amersfoort / RD New",GEOGCS["Amersfoort",DATUM["Amersfoort",SPHEROID["Bessel 1841",6377397.155,299.1528128,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7004"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6289"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4289"]],PROJECTION["Oblique_Stereographic"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",52.1561605555556],PARAMETER["central_meridian",5.38763888888889],PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9999079],PARAMETER["false_easting",155000],PARAMETER["false_northing",463000],UNIT["metre",1,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],AXIS["Easting",EAST],AXIS["Northing",NORTH],AUTHORITY["EPSG","28992"]],VERT_CS["NAP height",VERT_DATUM["Normaal Amsterdams Peil",2005,AUTHORITY["EPSG","5109"]],UNIT["metre",1,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],AXIS["Gravity-related height",UP],AUTHORITY["EPSG","5709"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","7415"]] variable length header record 4 of 4: reserved 0 user ID 'liblas' record ID 2112 length after header 908 description 'OGR variant of OpenGIS WKT SRS' has spatial indexing LAX file LASzip compression (version 3.4r3 c3 50000): POINT14 3 RGBNIR14 3 BYTE14 3 reporting minimum and maximum for all LAS point record entries ... X 0 1039999 Y 0 1289999 Z 15342 65124 intensity 56 5029 return_number 1 5 number_of_returns 1 7 edge_of_flight_line 0 1 scan_direction_flag 0 1 classification 1 26 scan_angle_rank -29 29 user_data 6 7 point_source_ID 83 85 gps_time 296127778.858604 296130403.411515 WARNING: range violates GPS week time specified by global encoding bit 0 Color R 7 255 G 37 255 B 28 255 NIR 4 255 extended_return_number 1 5 extended_number_of_returns 1 7 extended_classification 1 26 extended_scan_angle -4833 4833 extended_scanner_channel 0 0 attribute0 0.56 50.29 ('Amplitude') attribute1 -16.58 33.33 ('Reflectance') attribute2 0 65535 ('Deviation') number of first returns: 26406513 number of intermediate returns: 646529 number of last returns: 26399809 number of single returns: 24745466 covered area in square units/kilounits: 1336212/1.34 point density: all returns 21.48 last only 19.76 (per square units) spacing: all returns 0.22 last only 0.22 (in units) WARNING: point type is 8 but (legacy) number of point records in header is 28707385 instead zero. WARNING: point type is 8 but (legacy) number of points by return [1] in header is 26406513 instead zero. WARNING: point type is 8 but (legacy) number of points by return [2] in header is 1655104 instead zero. WARNING: point type is 8 but (legacy) number of points by return [3] in header is 529869 instead zero. WARNING: point type is 8 but (legacy) number of points by return [4] in header is 104482 instead zero. WARNING: point type is 8 but (legacy) number of points by return [5] in header is 11417 instead zero. overview over extended number of returns of given pulse: 24745466 2255230 1276515 372726 53278 3911 259 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 histogram of classification of points: 2726855 unclassified (1) 25214151 ground (2) 725504 building (6) 23901 water (9) 11930 wire conductor (14) 5044 Reserved for ASPRS Definition (26) +-> flagged as extended overlap: 1801327 +---> 139306 of those are unclassified (1) +---> 1608534 of those are ground (2) +---> 52463 of those are building (6) +---> 486 of those are water (9) +---> 161 of those are wire conductor (14) +---> 377 of those are Reserved for ASPRS Definition (26) z coordinate histogram with bin size 0.100000 bin [15.3,15.4) has 2 bin [15.4,15.5) has 176 bin [15.5,15.6) has 531 bin [15.6,15.7) has 2077 bin [15.7,15.8) has 22392 bin [15.8,15.9) has 22981 bin [15.9,16.0) has 36327 bin [16.0,16.1) has 81336 bin [16.1,16.2) has 108537 bin [16.2,16.3) has 229544 bin [16.3,16.4) has 490188 bin [16.4,16.5) has 1256950 bin [16.5,16.6) has 3317984 bin [16.6,16.7) has 4497687 bin [16.7,16.8) has 3034415 bin [16.8,16.9) has 2532188 bin [16.9,17.0) has 2508078 bin [17.0,17.1) has 1768989 bin [17.1,17.2) has 1413052 bin [17.2,17.3) has 1068350 bin [17.3,17.4) has 778721 bin [17.4,17.5) has 765815 bin [17.5,17.6) has 595412 bin [17.6,17.7) has 263025 bin [17.7,17.8) has 204379 bin [17.8,17.9) has 210195 bin [17.9,18.0) has 161224 bin [18.0,18.1) has 96587 bin [18.1,18.2) has 53483 bin [18.2,18.3) has 32295 bin [18.3,18.4) has 23704 bin [18.4,18.5) has 22821 bin [18.5,18.6) has 22230 bin [18.6,18.7) has 22617 bin [18.7,18.8) has 23609 bin [18.8,18.9) has 23625 bin [18.9,19.0) has 26149 bin [19.0,19.1) has 26776 bin [19.1,19.2) has 33862 bin [19.2,19.3) has 44226 bin [19.3,19.4) has 35568 bin [19.4,19.5) has 32951 bin [19.5,19.6) has 34846 bin [19.6,19.7) has 34905 bin [19.7,19.8) has 34525 bin [19.8,19.9) has 39984 bin [19.9,20.0) has 50524 bin [20.0,20.1) has 45778 bin [20.1,20.2) has 41545 bin [20.2,20.3) has 38224 bin [20.3,20.4) has 39096 bin [20.4,20.5) has 37712 bin [20.5,20.6) has 37830 bin [20.6,20.7) has 36373 bin [20.7,20.8) has 31646 bin [20.8,20.9) has 26011 bin [20.9,21.0) has 23887 bin [21.0,21.1) has 23773 bin [21.1,21.2) has 23635 bin [21.2,21.3) has 23668 bin [21.3,21.4) has 23677 bin [21.4,21.5) has 23309 bin [21.5,21.6) has 24097 bin [21.6,21.7) has 24178 bin [21.7,21.8) has 23902 bin [21.8,21.9) has 23247 bin [21.9,22.0) has 23118 bin [22.0,22.1) has 23633 bin [22.1,22.2) has 23377 bin [22.2,22.3) has 23047 bin [22.3,22.4) has 21963 bin [22.4,22.5) has 20715 bin [22.5,22.6) has 20424 bin [22.6,22.7) has 20088 bin [22.7,22.8) has 19997 bin [22.8,22.9) has 19890 bin [22.9,23.0) has 19582 bin [23.0,23.1) has 19451 bin [23.1,23.2) has 19508 bin [23.2,23.3) has 19440 bin [23.3,23.4) has 19546 bin [23.4,23.5) has 19534 bin [23.5,23.6) has 19510 bin [23.6,23.7) has 19017 bin [23.7,23.8) has 18951 bin [23.8,23.9) has 18523 bin [23.9,24.0) has 18229 bin [24.0,24.1) has 18719 bin [24.1,24.2) has 18288 bin [24.2,24.3) has 18061 bin [24.3,24.4) has 18276 bin [24.4,24.5) has 18496 bin [24.5,24.6) has 18143 bin [24.6,24.7) has 18022 bin [24.7,24.8) has 18437 bin [24.8,24.9) has 18407 bin [24.9,25.0) has 17877 bin [25.0,25.1) has 17784 bin [25.1,25.2) has 17840 bin [25.2,25.3) has 17497 bin [25.3,25.4) has 17482 bin [25.4,25.5) has 17554 bin [25.5,25.6) has 17098 bin [25.6,25.7) has 17056 bin [25.7,25.8) has 16752 bin [25.8,25.9) has 16983 bin [25.9,26.0) has 17032 bin [26.0,26.1) has 16759 bin [26.1,26.2) has 16715 bin [26.2,26.3) has 16456 bin [26.3,26.4) has 16519 bin [26.4,26.5) has 16158 bin [26.5,26.6) has 16091 bin [26.6,26.7) has 15842 bin [26.7,26.8) has 15585 bin [26.8,26.9) has 15145 bin [26.9,27.0) has 15266 bin [27.0,27.1) has 15374 bin [27.1,27.2) has 15266 bin [27.2,27.3) has 15329 bin [27.3,27.4) has 15095 bin [27.4,27.5) has 14540 bin [27.5,27.6) has 14488 bin [27.6,27.7) has 14005 bin [27.7,27.8) has 14005 bin [27.8,27.9) has 13943 bin [27.9,28.0) has 13659 bin [28.0,28.1) has 13635 bin [28.1,28.2) has 13552 bin [28.2,28.3) has 13360 bin [28.3,28.4) has 13174 bin [28.4,28.5) has 13123 bin [28.5,28.6) has 13051 bin [28.6,28.7) has 12792 bin [28.7,28.8) has 13002 bin [28.8,28.9) has 12706 bin [28.9,29.0) has 12588 bin [29.0,29.1) has 12792 bin [29.1,29.2) has 12342 bin [29.2,29.3) has 12312 bin [29.3,29.4) has 12370 bin [29.4,29.5) has 12230 bin [29.5,29.6) has 12497 bin [29.6,29.7) has 12148 bin [29.7,29.8) has 12065 bin [29.8,29.9) has 11937 bin [29.9,30.0) has 11733 bin [30.0,30.1) has 11470 bin [30.1,30.2) has 11565 bin [30.2,30.3) has 11204 bin [30.3,30.4) has 11404 bin [30.4,30.5) has 10993 bin [30.5,30.6) has 10723 bin [30.6,30.7) has 10496 bin [30.7,30.8) has 10451 bin [30.8,30.9) has 10482 bin [30.9,31.0) has 10172 bin [31.0,31.1) has 10272 bin [31.1,31.2) has 10253 bin [31.2,31.3) has 10125 bin [31.3,31.4) has 10209 bin [31.4,31.5) has 9964 bin [31.5,31.6) has 9617 bin [31.6,31.7) has 9489 bin [31.7,31.8) has 9346 bin [31.8,31.9) has 8894 bin [31.9,32.0) has 8953 bin [32.0,32.1) has 8740 bin [32.1,32.2) has 8908 bin [32.2,32.3) has 8935 bin [32.3,32.4) has 8428 bin [32.4,32.5) has 8310 bin [32.5,32.6) has 8231 bin [32.6,32.7) has 7868 bin [32.7,32.8) has 7886 bin [32.8,32.9) has 7847 bin [32.9,33.0) has 7657 bin [33.0,33.1) has 7612 bin [33.1,33.2) has 7397 bin [33.2,33.3) has 7186 bin [33.3,33.4) has 7145 bin [33.4,33.5) has 6713 bin [33.5,33.6) has 6474 bin [33.6,33.7) has 6544 bin [33.7,33.8) has 6434 bin [33.8,33.9) has 6231 bin [33.9,34.0) has 5997 bin [34.0,34.1) has 5865 bin [34.1,34.2) has 5726 bin [34.2,34.3) has 5648 bin [34.3,34.4) has 5468 bin [34.4,34.5) has 5304 bin [34.5,34.6) has 5221 bin [34.6,34.7) has 4864 bin [34.7,34.8) has 4588 bin [34.8,34.9) has 4507 bin [34.9,35.0) has 4287 bin [35.0,35.1) has 4120 bin [35.1,35.2) has 4112 bin [35.2,35.3) has 4023 bin [35.3,35.4) has 3881 bin [35.4,35.5) has 3893 bin [35.5,35.6) has 3606 bin [35.6,35.7) has 3592 bin [35.7,35.8) has 3588 bin [35.8,35.9) has 3504 bin [35.9,36.0) has 3423 bin [36.0,36.1) has 3305 bin [36.1,36.2) has 3305 bin [36.2,36.3) has 3171 bin [36.3,36.4) has 3221 bin [36.4,36.5) has 3129 bin [36.5,36.6) has 3195 bin [36.6,36.7) has 3078 bin [36.7,36.8) has 3065 bin [36.8,36.9) has 3095 bin [36.9,37.0) has 2954 bin [37.0,37.1) has 2932 bin [37.1,37.2) has 2826 bin [37.2,37.3) has 2843 bin [37.3,37.4) has 2708 bin [37.4,37.5) has 2735 bin [37.5,37.6) has 2771 bin [37.6,37.7) has 2695 bin [37.7,37.8) has 2702 bin [37.8,37.9) has 2703 bin [37.9,38.0) has 2771 bin [38.0,38.1) has 2729 bin [38.1,38.2) has 2730 bin [38.2,38.3) has 2768 bin [38.3,38.4) has 2731 bin [38.4,38.5) has 2712 bin [38.5,38.6) has 2719 bin [38.6,38.7) has 2724 bin [38.7,38.8) has 2763 bin [38.8,38.9) has 2722 bin [38.9,39.0) has 2696 bin [39.0,39.1) has 2820 bin [39.1,39.2) has 2753 bin [39.2,39.3) has 2725 bin [39.3,39.4) has 2780 bin [39.4,39.5) has 2714 bin [39.5,39.6) has 2745 bin [39.6,39.7) has 2717 bin [39.7,39.8) has 2734 bin [39.8,39.9) has 2812 bin [39.9,40.0) has 2900 bin [40.0,40.1) has 2821 bin [40.1,40.2) has 2895 bin [40.2,40.3) has 2899 bin [40.3,40.4) has 2888 bin [40.4,40.5) has 2838 bin [40.5,40.6) has 2735 bin [40.6,40.7) has 2775 bin [40.7,40.8) has 2877 bin [40.8,40.9) has 2850 bin [40.9,41.0) has 2851 bin [41.0,41.1) has 2744 bin [41.1,41.2) has 2832 bin [41.2,41.3) has 2742 bin [41.3,41.4) has 2798 bin [41.4,41.5) has 2753 bin [41.5,41.6) has 2685 bin [41.6,41.7) has 2671 bin [41.7,41.8) has 2706 bin [41.8,41.9) has 2696 bin [41.9,42.0) has 2669 bin [42.0,42.1) has 2793 bin [42.1,42.2) has 2632 bin [42.2,42.3) has 2629 bin [42.3,42.4) has 2636 bin [42.4,42.5) has 2557 bin [42.5,42.6) has 2622 bin [42.6,42.7) has 2544 bin [42.7,42.8) has 2422 bin [42.8,42.9) has 2525 bin [42.9,43.0) has 2499 bin [43.0,43.1) has 2382 bin [43.1,43.2) has 2323 bin [43.2,43.3) has 2382 bin [43.3,43.4) has 2248 bin [43.4,43.5) has 2234 bin [43.5,43.6) has 2115 bin [43.6,43.7) has 2124 bin [43.7,43.8) has 2114 bin [43.8,43.9) has 1970 bin [43.9,44.0) has 1940 bin [44.0,44.1) has 1914 bin [44.1,44.2) has 1863 bin [44.2,44.3) has 1786 bin [44.3,44.4) has 1841 bin [44.4,44.5) has 1756 bin [44.5,44.6) has 1668 bin [44.6,44.7) has 1611 bin [44.7,44.8) has 1562 bin [44.8,44.9) has 1571 bin [44.9,45.0) has 1485 bin [45.0,45.1) has 1420 bin [45.1,45.2) has 1377 bin [45.2,45.3) has 1341 bin [45.3,45.4) has 1298 bin [45.4,45.5) has 1202 bin [45.5,45.6) has 1185 bin [45.6,45.7) has 1075 bin [45.7,45.8) has 1061 bin [45.8,45.9) has 937 bin [45.9,46.0) has 905 bin [46.0,46.1) has 866 bin [46.1,46.2) has 810 bin [46.2,46.3) has 738 bin [46.3,46.4) has 684 bin [46.4,46.5) has 637 bin [46.5,46.6) has 580 bin [46.6,46.7) has 556 bin [46.7,46.8) has 476 bin [46.8,46.9) has 389 bin [46.9,47.0) has 353 bin [47.0,47.1) has 300 bin [47.1,47.2) has 265 bin [47.2,47.3) has 240 bin [47.3,47.4) has 225 bin [47.4,47.5) has 226 bin [47.5,47.6) has 162 bin [47.6,47.7) has 165 bin [47.7,47.8) has 154 bin [47.8,47.9) has 129 bin [47.9,48.0) has 103 bin [48.0,48.1) has 89 bin [48.1,48.2) has 83 bin [48.2,48.3) has 72 bin [48.3,48.4) has 55 bin [48.4,48.5) has 55 bin [48.5,48.6) has 44 bin [48.6,48.7) has 41 bin [48.7,48.8) has 41 bin [48.8,48.9) has 18 bin [48.9,49.0) has 18 bin [49.0,49.1) has 49 bin [49.1,49.2) has 249 bin [49.2,49.3) has 340 bin [49.3,49.4) has 68 bin [49.4,49.5) has 118 bin [49.5,49.6) has 393 bin [49.6,49.7) has 175 bin [49.7,49.8) has 444 bin [49.8,49.9) has 224 bin [49.9,50.0) has 57 bin [50.0,50.1) has 36 bin [50.1,50.2) has 31 bin [50.2,50.3) has 37 bin [50.3,50.4) has 31 bin [50.4,50.5) has 31 bin [50.5,50.6) has 32 bin [50.6,50.7) has 41 bin [50.7,50.8) has 48 bin [50.8,50.9) has 51 bin [50.9,51.0) has 52 bin [51.0,51.1) has 42 bin [51.1,51.2) has 41 bin [51.2,51.3) has 45 bin [51.3,51.4) has 45 bin [51.4,51.5) has 37 bin [51.5,51.6) has 33 bin [51.6,51.7) has 29 bin [51.7,51.8) has 29 bin [51.8,51.9) has 30 bin [51.9,52.0) has 28 bin [52.0,52.1) has 23 bin [52.1,52.2) has 34 bin [52.2,52.3) has 38 bin [52.3,52.4) has 30 bin [52.4,52.5) has 28 bin [52.5,52.6) has 25 bin [52.6,52.7) has 26 bin [52.7,52.8) has 21 bin [52.8,52.9) has 24 bin [52.9,53.0) has 13 bin [53.0,53.1) has 3 bin [53.1,53.2) has 7 bin [53.2,53.3) has 6 bin [53.3,53.4) has 4 bin [53.4,53.5) has 10 bin [53.5,53.6) has 9 bin [53.6,53.7) has 9 bin [53.7,53.8) has 16 bin [53.8,53.9) has 21 bin [53.9,54.0) has 17 bin [54.0,54.1) has 30 bin [54.1,54.2) has 21 bin [54.2,54.3) has 20 bin [54.3,54.4) has 30 bin [54.4,54.5) has 22 bin [54.5,54.6) has 23 bin [54.6,54.7) has 25 bin [54.7,54.8) has 17 bin [54.8,54.9) has 26 bin [54.9,55.0) has 28 bin [55.0,55.1) has 18 bin [55.1,55.2) has 21 bin [55.2,55.3) has 27 bin [55.3,55.4) has 16 bin [55.4,55.5) has 12 bin [55.5,55.6) has 15 bin [55.6,55.7) has 9 bin [55.7,55.8) has 3 bin [55.8,55.9) has 3 bin [55.9,56.0) has 4 bin [56.0,56.1) has 3 bin [56.1,56.2) has 4 bin [56.2,56.3) has 3 bin [56.3,56.4) has 2 bin [56.4,56.5) has 7 bin [56.5,56.6) has 9 bin [56.6,56.7) has 2 bin [56.7,56.8) has 6 bin [56.8,56.9) has 12 bin [56.9,57.0) has 9 bin [57.0,57.1) has 7 bin [57.1,57.2) has 10 bin [57.2,57.3) has 3 bin [57.3,57.4) has 2 bin [57.4,57.5) has 2 bin [57.5,57.6) has 1 bin [57.6,57.7) has 4 bin [57.7,57.8) has 3 bin [57.8,57.9) has 3 bin [57.9,58.0) has 1 bin [58.0,58.1) has 1 bin [58.1,58.2) has 2 bin [58.3,58.4) has 1 bin [58.5,58.6) has 3 bin [58.6,58.7) has 4 bin [58.7,58.8) has 5 bin [58.8,58.9) has 3 bin [58.9,59.0) has 7 bin [59.0,59.1) has 5 bin [59.1,59.2) has 9 bin [59.2,59.3) has 10 bin [59.3,59.4) has 4 bin [59.4,59.5) has 10 bin [59.5,59.6) has 10 bin [59.6,59.7) has 6 bin [59.7,59.8) has 3 bin [59.8,59.9) has 10 bin [59.9,60.0) has 8 bin [60.0,60.1) has 6 bin [60.1,60.2) has 1 bin [60.2,60.3) has 8 bin [60.3,60.4) has 7 bin [60.4,60.5) has 195 bin [60.5,60.6) has 234 bin [60.6,60.7) has 33 bin [60.7,60.8) has 34 bin [60.8,60.9) has 284 bin [60.9,61.0) has 71 bin [61.0,61.1) has 424 bin [61.1,61.2) has 108 bin [61.2,61.3) has 28 bin [61.3,61.4) has 18 bin [61.4,61.5) has 17 bin [61.5,61.6) has 16 bin [61.6,61.7) has 16 bin [61.7,61.8) has 17 bin [61.8,61.9) has 28 bin [61.9,62.0) has 26 bin [62.0,62.1) has 22 bin [62.1,62.2) has 37 bin [62.2,62.3) has 37 bin [62.3,62.4) has 28 bin [62.4,62.5) has 43 bin [62.5,62.6) has 32 bin [62.6,62.7) has 50 bin [62.7,62.8) has 44 bin [62.8,62.9) has 47 bin [62.9,63.0) has 49 bin [63.0,63.1) has 54 bin [63.1,63.2) has 51 bin [63.2,63.3) has 29 bin [63.3,63.4) has 37 bin [63.4,63.5) has 41 bin [63.5,63.6) has 22 bin [63.6,63.7) has 45 bin [63.8,63.9) has 3 bin [63.9,64.0) has 4 bin [64.0,64.1) has 3 bin [64.1,64.2) has 1 bin [64.2,64.3) has 1 bin [64.3,64.4) has 2 bin [64.5,64.6) has 7 bin [64.6,64.7) has 3 bin [64.7,64.8) has 3 bin [64.8,64.9) has 2 bin [64.9,65.0) has 2 bin [65.0,65.1) has 3 bin [65.1,65.2) has 1 average z coordinate 17.9 for 28707385 element(s) point source id histogram with bin size 1.000000 bin 83 has 9232943 bin 84 has 19470552 bin 85 has 3890 average point source id 83.678512933170339 for 28707385 element(s)