GeoTiles

Map - Town index - Tile index

Relevant towns and neighbourhoods

Emmer-Compascuum (woonkern)Ter Apel (woonkern)Roswinkel (woonkern)Munsterscheveld (buurtschap)Barnflair (deelkern)De Maten (woonkern)Munnekemoer (buurtschap)Burgemeester Beinsdorp (deelkern)Hanetange (deelkern)'t Schot (deelkern)

Tile 18AZ2

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

The aerial photograph closest to the acquisition date of the AHN iteration was overlaid on the point cloud to produce a colored version for visualisation purposes. Furthermore, for each point cloud a spatial index and textual summary, including elevation histogram, are provided. Please note that the images are not from the same flight, and may be years off. Therefore, small alignment errors and differences occur between them.

Zoom in on the map to see tiled versions (25 tiles of 1×1.25 km). Tiled versions typically fit into memory (RAM) are easier to handle and are especially suitable for parallel processing and Machine Learning.

Version Point cloud Spatial index Info License
AHN1 Ground 18az2.laz 20.8 MiB 18az2.lax 26 kiB 18az2.txt 6 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground 18az2.laz 1.6 MiB 18az2.lax 87 kiB 18az2.txt 9 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 18AZ2.LAZ 22.4 MiB 18AZ2.LAX 33 kiB 18AZ2.txt 10 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN2 Ground g18az2.laz 340.6 MiB g18az2.lax 177 kiB g18az2.txt 6 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground u18az2.laz 152.1 MiB u18az2.lax 78 kiB u18az2.txt 14 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 18AZ2.LAZ 492.6 MiB 18AZ2.LAX 745 kiB 18AZ2.txt 15 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN3 Original C_18AZ2.LAZ 1.7 GiB C_18AZ2.LAX 1.6 MiB C_18AZ2.txt 15 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN4 Original C_18AZ2.LAZ 3.6 GiB C_18AZ2.LAX 1.9 MiB C_18AZ2.txt 15 kiB Het Waterschapshuis, public domain
Colored (Partially) available for sub-units. Remixed by GeoTiles*

*The point cloud is in the public domain and the aerial photograph available under CC-BY. However, the colored point cloud is a new product created by GeoTiles.

File checksums (md5) are available for AHN1, AHN2, AHN3 and AHN4.

Raster

Version DSM DTM ('maaiveld') License
5 meter ½ meter 5 meter ½ meter
AHN1 18az2.tif.zip public domain
AHN2 r18az2.tif.zip ahn2_5_18az2.tif.zip i18az2.tif.zip public domain *
AHN3 R5_18AZ2.zip R_18AZ2.zip M5_18AZ2.zip M_18AZ2.zip CC-0
AHN4 R5_18AZ2.zip R_18AZ2.zip M5_18AZ2.zip M_18AZ2.zip CC-0 [1, 2, 3, 4]

Aerial photograph

Year Version GeoTiff Source License
2016 RGB RGB_18AZ2.tiff 59.6 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_18AZ2.tiff 56.2 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2017 RGB RGB_18AZ2.tiff 74.3 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_18AZ2.tiff 65.3 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2018 RGB RGB_18AZ2.tiff 64.1 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_18AZ2.tiff 60.8 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2019 RGB RGB_18AZ2.tiff 58.5 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_18AZ2.tiff 54.4 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2020 RGB RGB_18AZ2.tiff 57.4 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_18AZ2.tiff 52.9 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2022 RGB RGB_18AZ2.tiff 52.7 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_18AZ2.tiff 52.8 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2023 RGB RGB_18AZ2.tiff 64.1 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_18AZ2.tiff 64.5 MiB CC-BY 4.0

Sub-tiles 18AZ2

Image adapted from Kadaster TOPraster and OpenTopo.

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

These sub-tiles of 1×1.25 km are clipped from the original point cloud. Goal is to enable distributed processing of the point cloud. Therefore, a 25 m overlap to the neighbouring (sub-)tiles is added. Thanks to the overlap between sub-tiles, the sub-tiles can be processed independently and therefore parallel.

All other data sets on this website are only available in the main tiling schema.

Tile Version Point cloud Spatial index Info Residential areas License
18AZ2_01 AHN1 18AZ2_01.LAZ 1.6 MiB 18AZ2_01.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_01.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_01.LAZ 38.7 MiB 18AZ2_01.LAX 40 kiB 18AZ2_01.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_01.LAZ 78.7 MiB 18AZ2_01.LAX 75 kiB 18AZ2_01.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_01.LAZ 285.5 MiB 18AZ2_01.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_01.txt 13 kiB
18AZ2_02 AHN1 18AZ2_02.LAZ 2.0 MiB 18AZ2_02.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_02.txt 9 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_02.LAZ 43.1 MiB 18AZ2_02.LAX 36 kiB 18AZ2_02.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_02.LAZ 82.6 MiB 18AZ2_02.LAX 81 kiB 18AZ2_02.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_02.LAZ 341.8 MiB 18AZ2_02.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_02.txt 14 kiB
18AZ2_03 AHN1 18AZ2_03.LAZ 2.0 MiB 18AZ2_03.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_03.txt 11 kiB De Maten, Ter Apel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_03.LAZ 60.0 MiB 18AZ2_03.LAX 41 kiB 18AZ2_03.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_03.LAZ 102.1 MiB 18AZ2_03.LAX 88 kiB 18AZ2_03.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_03.LAZ 345.9 MiB 18AZ2_03.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_03.txt 16 kiB
18AZ2_04 AHN1 18AZ2_04.LAZ 1.9 MiB 18AZ2_04.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_04.txt 10 kiB Ter Apel, Burgemeester Beinsdorp, De Maten, Barnflair AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_04.LAZ 57.9 MiB 18AZ2_04.LAX 35 kiB 18AZ2_04.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_04.LAZ 96.3 MiB 18AZ2_04.LAX 76 kiB 18AZ2_04.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_04.LAZ 188.4 MiB 18AZ2_04.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_04.txt 14 kiB
18AZ2_05 AHN1 18AZ2_05.LAZ 1.6 MiB 18AZ2_05.LAX 5 kiB 18AZ2_05.txt 11 kiB Ter Apel, Barnflair, Hanetange, 't Schot, Burgemeester Beinsdorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_05.LAZ 102.7 MiB 18AZ2_05.LAX 47 kiB 18AZ2_05.txt 16 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_05.LAZ 241.0 MiB 18AZ2_05.LAX 98 kiB 18AZ2_05.txt 17 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_05.LAZ 311.3 MiB 18AZ2_05.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_05.txt 17 kiB
18AZ2_06 AHN1 18AZ2_06.LAZ 1.5 MiB 18AZ2_06.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_06.txt 9 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_06.LAZ 46.4 MiB 18AZ2_06.LAX 35 kiB 18AZ2_06.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_06.LAZ 107.6 MiB 18AZ2_06.LAX 77 kiB 18AZ2_06.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_06.LAZ 321.5 MiB 18AZ2_06.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_06.txt 15 kiB
18AZ2_07 AHN1 18AZ2_07.LAZ 1.9 MiB 18AZ2_07.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_07.txt 9 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_07.LAZ 49.8 MiB 18AZ2_07.LAX 38 kiB 18AZ2_07.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_07.LAZ 99.3 MiB 18AZ2_07.LAX 82 kiB 18AZ2_07.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_07.LAZ 273.8 MiB 18AZ2_07.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_07.txt 13 kiB
18AZ2_08 AHN1 18AZ2_08.LAZ 2.1 MiB 18AZ2_08.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_08.txt 10 kiB De Maten AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_08.LAZ 46.3 MiB 18AZ2_08.LAX 43 kiB 18AZ2_08.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_08.LAZ 98.0 MiB 18AZ2_08.LAX 72 kiB 18AZ2_08.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_08.LAZ 278.5 MiB 18AZ2_08.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_08.txt 15 kiB
18AZ2_09 AHN1 18AZ2_09.LAZ 1.8 MiB 18AZ2_09.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_09.txt 10 kiB Ter Apel, De Maten, Burgemeester Beinsdorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_09.LAZ 46.8 MiB 18AZ2_09.LAX 30 kiB 18AZ2_09.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_09.LAZ 96.7 MiB 18AZ2_09.LAX 84 kiB 18AZ2_09.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_09.LAZ 170.7 MiB 18AZ2_09.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_09.txt 14 kiB
18AZ2_10 AHN1 18AZ2_10.LAZ 1.3 MiB 18AZ2_10.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_10.txt 10 kiB Ter Apel, Barnflair, Munnekemoer AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_10.LAZ 61.5 MiB 18AZ2_10.LAX 37 kiB 18AZ2_10.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_10.LAZ 129.3 MiB 18AZ2_10.LAX 73 kiB 18AZ2_10.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_10.LAZ 155.1 MiB 18AZ2_10.LAX 75 kiB 18AZ2_10.txt 16 kiB
18AZ2_11 AHN1 18AZ2_11.LAZ 1.6 MiB 18AZ2_11.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_11.txt 9 kiB Roswinkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_11.LAZ 48.4 MiB 18AZ2_11.LAX 34 kiB 18AZ2_11.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_11.LAZ 100.0 MiB 18AZ2_11.LAX 78 kiB 18AZ2_11.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_11.LAZ 208.3 MiB 18AZ2_11.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_11.txt 14 kiB
18AZ2_12 AHN1 18AZ2_12.LAZ 1.8 MiB 18AZ2_12.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_12.txt 10 kiB Roswinkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_12.LAZ 68.4 MiB 18AZ2_12.LAX 39 kiB 18AZ2_12.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_12.LAZ 115.2 MiB 18AZ2_12.LAX 86 kiB 18AZ2_12.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_12.LAZ 210.0 MiB 18AZ2_12.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_12.txt 15 kiB
18AZ2_13 AHN1 18AZ2_13.LAZ 2.0 MiB 18AZ2_13.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_13.txt 5 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_13.LAZ 37.8 MiB 18AZ2_13.LAX 34 kiB 18AZ2_13.txt 6 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_13.LAZ 91.8 MiB 18AZ2_13.LAX 79 kiB 18AZ2_13.txt 10 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_13.LAZ 172.7 MiB 18AZ2_13.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_13.txt 12 kiB
18AZ2_14 AHN1 18AZ2_14.LAZ 1.8 MiB 18AZ2_14.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_14.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_14.LAZ 38.1 MiB 18AZ2_14.LAX 35 kiB 18AZ2_14.txt 10 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_14.LAZ 104.8 MiB 18AZ2_14.LAX 86 kiB 18AZ2_14.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_14.LAZ 173.1 MiB 18AZ2_14.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_14.txt 13 kiB
18AZ2_15 AHN1 18AZ2_15.LAZ 1.4 MiB 18AZ2_15.LAX 3 kiB 18AZ2_15.txt 9 kiB Munnekemoer AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_15.LAZ 45.1 MiB 18AZ2_15.LAX 27 kiB 18AZ2_15.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_15.LAZ 90.3 MiB 18AZ2_15.LAX 69 kiB 18AZ2_15.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_15.LAZ 137.9 MiB 18AZ2_15.LAX 79 kiB 18AZ2_15.txt 14 kiB
18AZ2_16 AHN1 18AZ2_16.LAZ 1.5 MiB 18AZ2_16.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_16.txt 8 kiB Roswinkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_16.LAZ 40.6 MiB 18AZ2_16.LAX 27 kiB 18AZ2_16.txt 10 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_16.LAZ 82.2 MiB 18AZ2_16.LAX 75 kiB 18AZ2_16.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_16.LAZ 167.9 MiB 18AZ2_16.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_16.txt 13 kiB
18AZ2_17 AHN1 18AZ2_17.LAZ 1.6 MiB 18AZ2_17.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_17.txt 9 kiB Roswinkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_17.LAZ 54.8 MiB 18AZ2_17.LAX 36 kiB 18AZ2_17.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_17.LAZ 94.8 MiB 18AZ2_17.LAX 82 kiB 18AZ2_17.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_17.LAZ 181.8 MiB 18AZ2_17.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_17.txt 14 kiB
18AZ2_18 AHN1 18AZ2_18.LAZ 2.0 MiB 18AZ2_18.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_18.txt 8 kiB Emmer-Compascuum AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_18.LAZ 40.5 MiB 18AZ2_18.LAX 28 kiB 18AZ2_18.txt 10 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_18.LAZ 82.4 MiB 18AZ2_18.LAX 78 kiB 18AZ2_18.txt 11 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_18.LAZ 174.2 MiB 18AZ2_18.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_18.txt 12 kiB
18AZ2_19 AHN1 18AZ2_19.LAZ 1.8 MiB 18AZ2_19.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_19.txt 9 kiB Munsterscheveld AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_19.LAZ 43.0 MiB 18AZ2_19.LAX 25 kiB 18AZ2_19.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_19.LAZ 103.0 MiB 18AZ2_19.LAX 85 kiB 18AZ2_19.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_19.LAZ 174.2 MiB 18AZ2_19.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_19.txt 13 kiB
18AZ2_20 AHN1 18AZ2_20.LAZ 892 kiB 18AZ2_20.LAX 2 kiB 18AZ2_20.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_20.LAZ 36.1 MiB 18AZ2_20.LAX 30 kiB 18AZ2_20.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_20.LAZ 45.1 MiB 18AZ2_20.LAX 43 kiB 18AZ2_20.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_20.LAZ 82.9 MiB 18AZ2_20.LAX 52 kiB 18AZ2_20.txt 12 kiB
18AZ2_21 AHN1 18AZ2_21.LAZ 1.6 MiB 18AZ2_21.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_21.txt 9 kiB Emmer-Compascuum AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_21.LAZ 52.8 MiB 18AZ2_21.LAX 31 kiB 18AZ2_21.txt 10 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_21.LAZ 101.7 MiB 18AZ2_21.LAX 81 kiB 18AZ2_21.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_21.LAZ 180.8 MiB 18AZ2_21.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_21.txt 12 kiB
18AZ2_22 AHN1 18AZ2_22.LAZ 1.6 MiB 18AZ2_22.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_22.txt 9 kiB Emmer-Compascuum AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_22.LAZ 58.2 MiB 18AZ2_22.LAX 33 kiB 18AZ2_22.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_22.LAZ 132.0 MiB 18AZ2_22.LAX 85 kiB 18AZ2_22.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_22.LAZ 223.2 MiB 18AZ2_22.LAX 99 kiB 18AZ2_22.txt 14 kiB
18AZ2_23 AHN1 18AZ2_23.LAZ 2.0 MiB 18AZ2_23.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_23.txt 10 kiB Emmer-Compascuum AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_23.LAZ 58.5 MiB 18AZ2_23.LAX 34 kiB 18AZ2_23.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_23.LAZ 112.3 MiB 18AZ2_23.LAX 80 kiB 18AZ2_23.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_23.LAZ 200.8 MiB 18AZ2_23.LAX 100 kiB 18AZ2_23.txt 15 kiB
18AZ2_24 AHN1 18AZ2_24.LAZ 1.8 MiB 18AZ2_24.LAX 4 kiB 18AZ2_24.txt 8 kiB Munsterscheveld, Emmer-Compascuum AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_24.LAZ 45.1 MiB 18AZ2_24.LAX 26 kiB 18AZ2_24.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_24.LAZ 99.5 MiB 18AZ2_24.LAX 85 kiB 18AZ2_24.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_24.LAZ 139.6 MiB 18AZ2_24.LAX 90 kiB 18AZ2_24.txt 13 kiB
18AZ2_25 AHN1 18AZ2_25.LAZ 68 kiB 18AZ2_25.LAX 700 B 18AZ2_25.txt 6 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 18AZ2_25.LAZ 21.8 MiB 18AZ2_25.LAX 21 kiB 18AZ2_25.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 18AZ2_25.LAZ 4.4 MiB 18AZ2_25.LAX 1 kiB 18AZ2_25.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 18AZ2_25.LAZ 8.6 MiB 18AZ2_25.LAX 7 kiB 18AZ2_25.txt 12 kiB

No guarantee on availability, completeness, correctness or fitness for any particular purpose is implied by the distribution of or linking to this data. The license indicated with the products is to the best of my knowledge at the time of writing. Please confirm the applicable license with the source before integrating the data.