GeoTiles

Map - Town index - Tile index

Relevant towns and neighbourhoods

Heemskerk (woonkern)Beverwijk (woonkern)Uitgeest (woonkern)Noorddorp (buurtschap)Castricum (woonkern)Heemskerkerduin (deelkern)Dorregeest (woonkern)Groot Dorregeest (deelkern)Assum (deelkern)Limmerkoog (deelkern)

Tile 19CZ2

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

The aerial photograph closest to the acquisition date of the AHN iteration was overlaid on the point cloud to produce a colored version for visualisation purposes. Furthermore, for each point cloud a spatial index and textual summary, including elevation histogram, are provided. Please note that the images are not from the same flight, and may be years off. Therefore, small alignment errors and differences occur between them.

Zoom in on the map to see tiled versions (25 tiles of 1×1.25 km). Tiled versions typically fit into memory (RAM) are easier to handle and are especially suitable for parallel processing and Machine Learning.

Version Point cloud Spatial index Info License
AHN1 Ground 19cz2.laz 9.5 MiB 19cz2.lax 19 kiB 19cz2.txt 12 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground 19cz2.laz 389 kiB 19cz2.lax 55 kiB 19cz2.txt 10 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 19CZ2.LAZ 9.9 MiB 19CZ2.LAX 23 kiB 19CZ2.txt 12 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN2 Ground g19cz2.laz 337.7 MiB g19cz2.lax 121 kiB g19cz2.txt 11 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground u19cz2.laz 433.2 MiB u19cz2.lax 369 kiB u19cz2.txt 27 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 19CZ2.LAZ 782.3 MiB 19CZ2.LAX 1.5 MiB 19CZ2.txt 27 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN3 Original C_19CZ2.LAZ 2.1 GiB C_19CZ2.LAX 2.0 MiB C_19CZ2.txt 29 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN4 Original C_19CZ2.LAZ 6.9 GiB C_19CZ2.LAX 2.0 MiB C_19CZ2.txt 27 kiB Het Waterschapshuis, public domain
Colored (Partially) available for sub-units. Remixed by GeoTiles*

*The point cloud is in the public domain and the aerial photograph available under CC-BY. However, the colored point cloud is a new product created by GeoTiles.

File checksums (md5) are available for AHN1, AHN2, AHN3 and AHN4.

Raster

Version DSM DTM ('maaiveld') License
5 meter ½ meter 5 meter ½ meter
AHN1 19cz2.tif.zip public domain
AHN2 r19cz2.tif.zip ahn2_5_19cz2.tif.zip i19cz2.tif.zip public domain *
AHN3 R5_19CZ2.zip R_19CZ2.zip M5_19CZ2.zip M_19CZ2.zip CC-0
AHN4 R5_19CZ2.zip R_19CZ2.zip M5_19CZ2.zip M_19CZ2.zip CC-0 [1, 2, 3, 4]

Aerial photograph

Year Version GeoTiff Source License
2016 RGB RGB_19CZ2.tiff 71.7 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_19CZ2.tiff 70.9 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2017 RGB RGB_19CZ2.tiff 62.6 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_19CZ2.tiff 62.3 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2018 RGB RGB_19CZ2.tiff 74.4 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_19CZ2.tiff 74.4 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2019 RGB RGB_19CZ2.tiff 68.5 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_19CZ2.tiff 64.8 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2020 RGB RGB_19CZ2.tiff 62.9 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_19CZ2.tiff 60.2 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2022 RGB RGB_19CZ2.tiff 71.2 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_19CZ2.tiff 73.0 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2023 RGB RGB_19CZ2.tiff 82.5 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_19CZ2.tiff 83.4 MiB CC-BY 4.0

Sub-tiles 19CZ2

Image adapted from Kadaster TOPraster and OpenTopo.

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

These sub-tiles of 1×1.25 km are clipped from the original point cloud. Goal is to enable distributed processing of the point cloud. Therefore, a 25 m overlap to the neighbouring (sub-)tiles is added. Thanks to the overlap between sub-tiles, the sub-tiles can be processed independently and therefore parallel.

All other data sets on this website are only available in the main tiling schema.

Tile Version Point cloud Spatial index Info Residential areas License
19CZ2_01 AHN1 19CZ2_01.LAZ 1.1 MiB 19CZ2_01.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_01.txt 12 kiB Castricum, Noorddorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_01.LAZ 133.1 MiB 19CZ2_01.LAX 96 kiB 19CZ2_01.txt 17 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_01.LAZ 250.3 MiB 19CZ2_01.LAX 99 kiB 19CZ2_01.txt 18 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_01.LAZ 414.9 MiB 19CZ2_01.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_01.txt 18 kiB
19CZ2_02 AHN1 19CZ2_02.LAZ 943 kiB 19CZ2_02.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_02.txt 9 kiB Castricum, Noorddorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_02.LAZ 41.0 MiB 19CZ2_02.LAX 22 kiB 19CZ2_02.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_02.LAZ 96.9 MiB 19CZ2_02.LAX 84 kiB 19CZ2_02.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_02.LAZ 314.0 MiB 19CZ2_02.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_02.txt 14 kiB
19CZ2_03 AHN1 19CZ2_03.LAZ 925 kiB 19CZ2_03.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_03.txt 8 kiB Castricum AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_03.LAZ 35.5 MiB 19CZ2_03.LAX 18 kiB 19CZ2_03.txt 9 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_03.LAZ 77.6 MiB 19CZ2_03.LAX 74 kiB 19CZ2_03.txt 10 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_03.LAZ 257.3 MiB 19CZ2_03.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_03.txt 11 kiB
19CZ2_04 AHN1 19CZ2_04.LAZ 935 kiB 19CZ2_04.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_04.txt 9 kiB Uitgeest, Limmerkoog AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_04.LAZ 43.0 MiB 19CZ2_04.LAX 22 kiB 19CZ2_04.txt 10 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_04.LAZ 94.4 MiB 19CZ2_04.LAX 86 kiB 19CZ2_04.txt 11 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_04.LAZ 203.0 MiB 19CZ2_04.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_04.txt 12 kiB
19CZ2_05 AHN1 19CZ2_05.LAZ 996 kiB 19CZ2_05.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_05.txt 11 kiB Uitgeest, Dorregeest, Groot Dorregeest, Limmerkoog AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_05.LAZ 55.6 MiB 19CZ2_05.LAX 29 kiB 19CZ2_05.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_05.LAZ 123.5 MiB 19CZ2_05.LAX 88 kiB 19CZ2_05.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_05.LAZ 252.9 MiB 19CZ2_05.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_05.txt 15 kiB
19CZ2_06 AHN1 19CZ2_06.LAZ 1.1 MiB 19CZ2_06.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_06.txt 11 kiB Noorddorp, Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_06.LAZ 88.8 MiB 19CZ2_06.LAX 96 kiB 19CZ2_06.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_06.LAZ 164.3 MiB 19CZ2_06.LAX 95 kiB 19CZ2_06.txt 16 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_06.LAZ 275.5 MiB 19CZ2_06.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_06.txt 16 kiB
19CZ2_07 AHN1 19CZ2_07.LAZ 984 kiB 19CZ2_07.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_07.txt 10 kiB Heemskerk, Noorddorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_07.LAZ 65.1 MiB 19CZ2_07.LAX 51 kiB 19CZ2_07.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_07.LAZ 112.2 MiB 19CZ2_07.LAX 85 kiB 19CZ2_07.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_07.LAZ 372.8 MiB 19CZ2_07.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_07.txt 15 kiB
19CZ2_08 AHN1 19CZ2_08.LAZ 950 kiB 19CZ2_08.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_08.txt 9 kiB Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_08.LAZ 54.4 MiB 19CZ2_08.LAX 26 kiB 19CZ2_08.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_08.LAZ 95.1 MiB 19CZ2_08.LAX 84 kiB 19CZ2_08.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_08.LAZ 277.1 MiB 19CZ2_08.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_08.txt 14 kiB
19CZ2_09 AHN1 19CZ2_09.LAZ 1.0 MiB 19CZ2_09.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_09.txt 10 kiB Uitgeest AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_09.LAZ 78.3 MiB 19CZ2_09.LAX 38 kiB 19CZ2_09.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_09.LAZ 118.9 MiB 19CZ2_09.LAX 91 kiB 19CZ2_09.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_09.LAZ 254.0 MiB 19CZ2_09.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_09.txt 14 kiB
19CZ2_10 AHN1 19CZ2_10.LAZ 883 kiB 19CZ2_10.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_10.txt 10 kiB Uitgeest AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_10.LAZ 64.6 MiB 19CZ2_10.LAX 30 kiB 19CZ2_10.txt 16 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_10.LAZ 105.3 MiB 19CZ2_10.LAX 84 kiB 19CZ2_10.txt 16 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_10.LAZ 228.8 MiB 19CZ2_10.LAX 99 kiB 19CZ2_10.txt 17 kiB
19CZ2_11 AHN1 19CZ2_11.LAZ 810 kiB 19CZ2_11.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_11.txt 10 kiB Heemskerk, Noorddorp, Heemskerkerduin AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_11.LAZ 126.3 MiB 19CZ2_11.LAX 99 kiB 19CZ2_11.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_11.LAZ 187.8 MiB 19CZ2_11.LAX 93 kiB 19CZ2_11.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_11.LAZ 388.3 MiB 19CZ2_11.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_11.txt 15 kiB
19CZ2_12 AHN1 19CZ2_12.LAZ 758 kiB 19CZ2_12.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_12.txt 10 kiB Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_12.LAZ 107.4 MiB 19CZ2_12.LAX 99 kiB 19CZ2_12.txt 17 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_12.LAZ 161.3 MiB 19CZ2_12.LAX 96 kiB 19CZ2_12.txt 19 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_12.LAZ 704.8 MiB 19CZ2_12.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_12.txt 20 kiB
19CZ2_13 AHN1 19CZ2_13.LAZ 793 kiB 19CZ2_13.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_13.txt 10 kiB Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_13.LAZ 91.8 MiB 19CZ2_13.LAX 84 kiB 19CZ2_13.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_13.LAZ 146.1 MiB 19CZ2_13.LAX 97 kiB 19CZ2_13.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_13.LAZ 594.3 MiB 19CZ2_13.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_13.txt 16 kiB
19CZ2_14 AHN1 19CZ2_14.LAZ 917 kiB 19CZ2_14.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_14.txt 8 kiB Uitgeest, Assum, Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_14.LAZ 61.3 MiB 19CZ2_14.LAX 30 kiB 19CZ2_14.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_14.LAZ 108.8 MiB 19CZ2_14.LAX 94 kiB 19CZ2_14.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_14.LAZ 237.8 MiB 19CZ2_14.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_14.txt 15 kiB
19CZ2_15 AHN1 19CZ2_15.LAZ 822 kiB 19CZ2_15.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_15.txt 8 kiB Uitgeest AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_15.LAZ 50.5 MiB 19CZ2_15.LAX 28 kiB 19CZ2_15.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_15.LAZ 94.6 MiB 19CZ2_15.LAX 84 kiB 19CZ2_15.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_15.LAZ 211.5 MiB 19CZ2_15.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_15.txt 17 kiB
19CZ2_16 AHN1 19CZ2_16.LAZ 598 kiB 19CZ2_16.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_16.txt 11 kiB Heemskerk, Beverwijk, Heemskerkerduin AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_16.LAZ 94.4 MiB 19CZ2_16.LAX 42 kiB 19CZ2_16.txt 19 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_16.LAZ 130.3 MiB 19CZ2_16.LAX 97 kiB 19CZ2_16.txt 21 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_16.LAZ 345.1 MiB 19CZ2_16.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_16.txt 24 kiB
19CZ2_17 AHN1 19CZ2_17.LAZ 565 kiB 19CZ2_17.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_17.txt 11 kiB Heemskerk, Beverwijk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_17.LAZ 107.7 MiB 19CZ2_17.LAX 84 kiB 19CZ2_17.txt 16 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_17.LAZ 145.9 MiB 19CZ2_17.LAX 95 kiB 19CZ2_17.txt 16 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_17.LAZ 899.7 MiB 19CZ2_17.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_17.txt 18 kiB
19CZ2_18 AHN1 19CZ2_18.LAZ 783 kiB 19CZ2_18.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_18.txt 10 kiB Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_18.LAZ 80.3 MiB 19CZ2_18.LAX 62 kiB 19CZ2_18.txt 17 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_18.LAZ 129.0 MiB 19CZ2_18.LAX 90 kiB 19CZ2_18.txt 17 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_18.LAZ 507.3 MiB 19CZ2_18.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_18.txt 19 kiB
19CZ2_19 AHN1 19CZ2_19.LAZ 791 kiB 19CZ2_19.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_19.txt 8 kiB Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_19.LAZ 51.8 MiB 19CZ2_19.LAX 28 kiB 19CZ2_19.txt 24 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_19.LAZ 96.7 MiB 19CZ2_19.LAX 85 kiB 19CZ2_19.txt 25 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_19.LAZ 217.7 MiB 19CZ2_19.LAX 99 kiB 19CZ2_19.txt 24 kiB
19CZ2_20 AHN1 19CZ2_20.LAZ 798 kiB 19CZ2_20.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_20.txt 6 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_20.LAZ 42.9 MiB 19CZ2_20.LAX 23 kiB 19CZ2_20.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_20.LAZ 83.8 MiB 19CZ2_20.LAX 83 kiB 19CZ2_20.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_20.LAZ 183.3 MiB 19CZ2_20.LAX 99 kiB 19CZ2_20.txt 15 kiB
19CZ2_21 AHN1 19CZ2_21.LAZ 531 kiB 19CZ2_21.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_21.txt 12 kiB Beverwijk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_21.LAZ 90.1 MiB 19CZ2_21.LAX 49 kiB 19CZ2_21.txt 22 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_21.LAZ 137.2 MiB 19CZ2_21.LAX 96 kiB 19CZ2_21.txt 23 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_21.LAZ 621.1 MiB 19CZ2_21.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_21.txt 24 kiB
19CZ2_22 AHN1 19CZ2_22.LAZ 657 kiB 19CZ2_22.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_22.txt 11 kiB Beverwijk, Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_22.LAZ 83.1 MiB 19CZ2_22.LAX 41 kiB 19CZ2_22.txt 18 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_22.LAZ 140.0 MiB 19CZ2_22.LAX 98 kiB 19CZ2_22.txt 18 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_22.LAZ 846.7 MiB 19CZ2_22.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_22.txt 20 kiB
19CZ2_23 AHN1 19CZ2_23.LAZ 884 kiB 19CZ2_23.LAX 4 kiB 19CZ2_23.txt 9 kiB Beverwijk, Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_23.LAZ 68.9 MiB 19CZ2_23.LAX 34 kiB 19CZ2_23.txt 17 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_23.LAZ 122.1 MiB 19CZ2_23.LAX 94 kiB 19CZ2_23.txt 18 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_23.LAZ 292.0 MiB 19CZ2_23.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_23.txt 20 kiB
19CZ2_24 AHN1 19CZ2_24.LAZ 778 kiB 19CZ2_24.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_24.txt 7 kiB Heemskerk AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_24.LAZ 65.8 MiB 19CZ2_24.LAX 44 kiB 19CZ2_24.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_24.LAZ 119.5 MiB 19CZ2_24.LAX 91 kiB 19CZ2_24.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_24.LAZ 267.0 MiB 19CZ2_24.LAX 99 kiB 19CZ2_24.txt 16 kiB
19CZ2_25 AHN1 19CZ2_25.LAZ 896 kiB 19CZ2_25.LAX 3 kiB 19CZ2_25.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 19CZ2_25.LAZ 49.2 MiB 19CZ2_25.LAX 27 kiB 19CZ2_25.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 19CZ2_25.LAZ 91.7 MiB 19CZ2_25.LAX 89 kiB 19CZ2_25.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 19CZ2_25.LAZ 223.2 MiB 19CZ2_25.LAX 100 kiB 19CZ2_25.txt 16 kiB

No guarantee on availability, completeness, correctness or fitness for any particular purpose is implied by the distribution of or linking to this data. The license indicated with the products is to the best of my knowledge at the time of writing. Please confirm the applicable license with the source before integrating the data.