GeoTiles

Map - Town index - Tile index

Relevant towns and neighbourhoods

Winkel (woonkern)Nieuwe Niedorp (woonkern)Hoogwoud (woonkern)Langereis (buurtschap)Terdiek (buurtschap)Oude Niedorp (woonkern)Lutjewinkel (woonkern)Wateringskant (buurtschap)Frik (buurtschap)De Kampen (buurtschap)De Leijen (gehucht)Opmeer (woonkern)

Tile 14GZ1

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

The aerial photograph closest to the acquisition date of the AHN iteration was overlaid on the point cloud to produce a colored version for visualisation purposes. Furthermore, for each point cloud a spatial index and textual summary, including elevation histogram, are provided. Please note that the images are not from the same flight, and may be years off. Therefore, small alignment errors and differences occur between them.

Zoom in on the map to see tiled versions (25 tiles of 1×1.25 km). Tiled versions typically fit into memory (RAM) are easier to handle and are especially suitable for parallel processing and Machine Learning.

Version Point cloud Spatial index Info License
AHN1 Ground 14gz1.laz 11.3 MiB 14gz1.lax 17 kiB 14gz1.txt 7 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground 14gz1.laz 1.2 MiB 14gz1.lax 46 kiB 14gz1.txt 9 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 14GZ1.LAZ 12.5 MiB 14GZ1.LAX 21 kiB 14GZ1.txt 10 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN2 Ground g14gz1.laz 340.2 MiB g14gz1.lax 111 kiB g14gz1.txt 5 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground u14gz1.laz 137.2 MiB u14gz1.lax 83 kiB u14gz1.txt 19 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 14GZ1.LAZ 477.4 MiB 14GZ1.LAX 537 kiB 14GZ1.txt 19 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN3 Original C_14GZ1.LAZ 1.7 GiB C_14GZ1.LAX 1.8 MiB C_14GZ1.txt 22 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles*
AHN4 Original C_14GZ1.LAZ 3.9 GiB C_14GZ1.LAX 2.0 MiB C_14GZ1.txt 24 kiB Het Waterschapshuis, public domain
Colored (Partially) available for sub-units. Remixed by GeoTiles*

*The point cloud is in the public domain and the aerial photograph available under CC-BY. However, the colored point cloud is a new product created by GeoTiles.

File checksums (md5) are available for AHN1, AHN2, AHN3 and AHN4.

Raster

Version DSM DTM ('maaiveld') License
5 meter ½ meter 5 meter ½ meter
AHN1 14gz1.tif.zip public domain
AHN2 r14gz1.tif.zip ahn2_5_14gz1.tif.zip i14gz1.tif.zip public domain *
AHN3 R5_14GZ1.zip R_14GZ1.zip M5_14GZ1.zip M_14GZ1.zip CC-0
AHN4 R5_14GZ1.zip R_14GZ1.zip M5_14GZ1.zip M_14GZ1.zip CC-0 [1, 2, 3, 4]

Aerial photograph

Year Version GeoTiff Source License
2016 RGB RGB_14GZ1.tiff 66.2 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_14GZ1.tiff 61.8 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2017 RGB RGB_14GZ1.tiff 55.4 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_14GZ1.tiff 52.6 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2018 RGB RGB_14GZ1.tiff 62.9 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_14GZ1.tiff 62.4 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2019 RGB RGB_14GZ1.tiff 57.8 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_14GZ1.tiff 54.6 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2020 RGB RGB_14GZ1.tiff 52.2 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_14GZ1.tiff 49.8 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2022 RGB RGB_14GZ1.tiff 58.0 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_14GZ1.tiff 59.5 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2023 RGB RGB_14GZ1.tiff 67.6 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_14GZ1.tiff 68.0 MiB CC-BY 4.0

Sub-tiles 14GZ1

Image adapted from Kadaster TOPraster and OpenTopo.

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

These sub-tiles of 1×1.25 km are clipped from the original point cloud. Goal is to enable distributed processing of the point cloud. Therefore, a 25 m overlap to the neighbouring (sub-)tiles is added. Thanks to the overlap between sub-tiles, the sub-tiles can be processed independently and therefore parallel.

All other data sets on this website are only available in the main tiling schema.

Tile Version Point cloud Spatial index Info Residential areas License
14GZ1_01 AHN1 14GZ1_01.LAZ 914 kiB 14GZ1_01.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_01.txt 9 kiB Wateringskant, Lutjewinkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_01.LAZ 48.0 MiB 14GZ1_01.LAX 26 kiB 14GZ1_01.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_01.LAZ 115.2 MiB 14GZ1_01.LAX 90 kiB 14GZ1_01.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_01.LAZ 184.7 MiB 14GZ1_01.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_01.txt 15 kiB
14GZ1_02 AHN1 14GZ1_02.LAZ 950 kiB 14GZ1_02.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_02.txt 11 kiB Winkel, Lutjewinkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_02.LAZ 66.9 MiB 14GZ1_02.LAX 40 kiB 14GZ1_02.txt 16 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_02.LAZ 110.9 MiB 14GZ1_02.LAX 84 kiB 14GZ1_02.txt 17 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_02.LAZ 220.5 MiB 14GZ1_02.LAX 98 kiB 14GZ1_02.txt 20 kiB
14GZ1_03 AHN1 14GZ1_03.LAZ 931 kiB 14GZ1_03.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_03.txt 10 kiB Winkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_03.LAZ 47.0 MiB 14GZ1_03.LAX 24 kiB 14GZ1_03.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_03.LAZ 98.7 MiB 14GZ1_03.LAX 84 kiB 14GZ1_03.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_03.LAZ 198.2 MiB 14GZ1_03.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_03.txt 16 kiB
14GZ1_04 AHN1 14GZ1_04.LAZ 954 kiB 14GZ1_04.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_04.txt 9 kiB Winkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_04.LAZ 43.3 MiB 14GZ1_04.LAX 22 kiB 14GZ1_04.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_04.LAZ 89.3 MiB 14GZ1_04.LAX 80 kiB 14GZ1_04.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_04.LAZ 184.6 MiB 14GZ1_04.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_04.txt 15 kiB
14GZ1_05 AHN1 14GZ1_05.LAZ 941 kiB 14GZ1_05.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_05.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_05.LAZ 42.1 MiB 14GZ1_05.LAX 21 kiB 14GZ1_05.txt 20 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_05.LAZ 87.3 MiB 14GZ1_05.LAX 79 kiB 14GZ1_05.txt 21 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_05.LAZ 173.8 MiB 14GZ1_05.LAX 99 kiB 14GZ1_05.txt 22 kiB
14GZ1_06 AHN1 14GZ1_06.LAZ 1013 kiB 14GZ1_06.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_06.txt 9 kiB De Kampen AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_06.LAZ 42.7 MiB 14GZ1_06.LAX 21 kiB 14GZ1_06.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_06.LAZ 120.1 MiB 14GZ1_06.LAX 88 kiB 14GZ1_06.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_06.LAZ 200.0 MiB 14GZ1_06.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_06.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_07 AHN1 14GZ1_07.LAZ 1.0 MiB 14GZ1_07.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_07.txt 9 kiB Winkel, Nieuwe Niedorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_07.LAZ 68.1 MiB 14GZ1_07.LAX 32 kiB 14GZ1_07.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_07.LAZ 101.9 MiB 14GZ1_07.LAX 86 kiB 14GZ1_07.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_07.LAZ 214.6 MiB 14GZ1_07.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_07.txt 13 kiB
14GZ1_08 AHN1 14GZ1_08.LAZ 1.1 MiB 14GZ1_08.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_08.txt 9 kiB Winkel, Nieuwe Niedorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_08.LAZ 58.2 MiB 14GZ1_08.LAX 25 kiB 14GZ1_08.txt 15 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_08.LAZ 128.2 MiB 14GZ1_08.LAX 91 kiB 14GZ1_08.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_08.LAZ 259.7 MiB 14GZ1_08.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_08.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_09 AHN1 14GZ1_09.LAZ 1.0 MiB 14GZ1_09.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_09.txt 10 kiB Winkel AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_09.LAZ 44.3 MiB 14GZ1_09.LAX 22 kiB 14GZ1_09.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_09.LAZ 101.8 MiB 14GZ1_09.LAX 83 kiB 14GZ1_09.txt 19 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_09.LAZ 220.1 MiB 14GZ1_09.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_09.txt 20 kiB
14GZ1_10 AHN1 14GZ1_10.LAZ 1020 kiB 14GZ1_10.LAX 3 kiB 14GZ1_10.txt 8 kiB Langereis AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_10.LAZ 37.0 MiB 14GZ1_10.LAX 17 kiB 14GZ1_10.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_10.LAZ 84.5 MiB 14GZ1_10.LAX 78 kiB 14GZ1_10.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_10.LAZ 186.5 MiB 14GZ1_10.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_10.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_11 AHN1 14GZ1_11.LAZ 988 kiB 14GZ1_11.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_11.txt 9 kiB Nieuwe Niedorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_11.LAZ 46.5 MiB 14GZ1_11.LAX 24 kiB 14GZ1_11.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_11.LAZ 129.4 MiB 14GZ1_11.LAX 87 kiB 14GZ1_11.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_11.LAZ 208.5 MiB 14GZ1_11.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_11.txt 15 kiB
14GZ1_12 AHN1 14GZ1_12.LAZ 1.0 MiB 14GZ1_12.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_12.txt 10 kiB Nieuwe Niedorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_12.LAZ 84.7 MiB 14GZ1_12.LAX 48 kiB 14GZ1_12.txt 15 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_12.LAZ 118.4 MiB 14GZ1_12.LAX 86 kiB 14GZ1_12.txt 16 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_12.LAZ 233.3 MiB 14GZ1_12.LAX 99 kiB 14GZ1_12.txt 16 kiB
14GZ1_13 AHN1 14GZ1_13.LAZ 1.0 MiB 14GZ1_13.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_13.txt 10 kiB Nieuwe Niedorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_13.LAZ 71.2 MiB 14GZ1_13.LAX 30 kiB 14GZ1_13.txt 15 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_13.LAZ 117.8 MiB 14GZ1_13.LAX 84 kiB 14GZ1_13.txt 15 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_13.LAZ 259.0 MiB 14GZ1_13.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_13.txt 17 kiB
14GZ1_14 AHN1 14GZ1_14.LAZ 995 kiB 14GZ1_14.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_14.txt 8 kiB Langereis AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_14.LAZ 40.1 MiB 14GZ1_14.LAX 21 kiB 14GZ1_14.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_14.LAZ 84.6 MiB 14GZ1_14.LAX 77 kiB 14GZ1_14.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_14.LAZ 195.6 MiB 14GZ1_14.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_14.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_15 AHN1 14GZ1_15.LAZ 1.0 MiB 14GZ1_15.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_15.txt 9 kiB Langereis AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_15.LAZ 39.7 MiB 14GZ1_15.LAX 20 kiB 14GZ1_15.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_15.LAZ 86.4 MiB 14GZ1_15.LAX 80 kiB 14GZ1_15.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_15.LAZ 190.2 MiB 14GZ1_15.LAX 99 kiB 14GZ1_15.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_16 AHN1 14GZ1_16.LAZ 849 kiB 14GZ1_16.LAX 3 kiB 14GZ1_16.txt 9 kiB Nieuwe Niedorp, De Leijen AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_16.LAZ 39.8 MiB 14GZ1_16.LAX 21 kiB 14GZ1_16.txt 13 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_16.LAZ 95.7 MiB 14GZ1_16.LAX 83 kiB 14GZ1_16.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_16.LAZ 215.0 MiB 14GZ1_16.LAX 97 kiB 14GZ1_16.txt 16 kiB
14GZ1_17 AHN1 14GZ1_17.LAZ 922 kiB 14GZ1_17.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_17.txt 9 kiB Terdiek, Nieuwe Niedorp AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_17.LAZ 47.1 MiB 14GZ1_17.LAX 26 kiB 14GZ1_17.txt 16 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_17.LAZ 127.2 MiB 14GZ1_17.LAX 96 kiB 14GZ1_17.txt 20 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_17.LAZ 237.2 MiB 14GZ1_17.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_17.txt 20 kiB
14GZ1_18 AHN1 14GZ1_18.LAZ 941 kiB 14GZ1_18.LAX 3 kiB 14GZ1_18.txt 8 kiB Terdiek, Langereis AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_18.LAZ 52.3 MiB 14GZ1_18.LAX 27 kiB 14GZ1_18.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_18.LAZ 90.9 MiB 14GZ1_18.LAX 80 kiB 14GZ1_18.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_18.LAZ 206.8 MiB 14GZ1_18.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_18.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_19 AHN1 14GZ1_19.LAZ 951 kiB 14GZ1_19.LAX 3 kiB 14GZ1_19.txt 9 kiB Langereis AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_19.LAZ 40.6 MiB 14GZ1_19.LAX 21 kiB 14GZ1_19.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_19.LAZ 88.7 MiB 14GZ1_19.LAX 81 kiB 14GZ1_19.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_19.LAZ 212.2 MiB 14GZ1_19.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_19.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_20 AHN1 14GZ1_20.LAZ 979 kiB 14GZ1_20.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_20.txt 9 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_20.LAZ 42.4 MiB 14GZ1_20.LAX 21 kiB 14GZ1_20.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_20.LAZ 90.6 MiB 14GZ1_20.LAX 80 kiB 14GZ1_20.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_20.LAZ 222.9 MiB 14GZ1_20.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_20.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_21 AHN1 14GZ1_21.LAZ 1.1 MiB 14GZ1_21.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_21.txt 9 kiB Oude Niedorp, Frik AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_21.LAZ 42.9 MiB 14GZ1_21.LAX 22 kiB 14GZ1_21.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_21.LAZ 110.9 MiB 14GZ1_21.LAX 89 kiB 14GZ1_21.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_21.LAZ 216.6 MiB 14GZ1_21.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_21.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_22 AHN1 14GZ1_22.LAZ 1.0 MiB 14GZ1_22.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_22.txt 8 kiB Terdiek AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_22.LAZ 40.2 MiB 14GZ1_22.LAX 20 kiB 14GZ1_22.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_22.LAZ 122.5 MiB 14GZ1_22.LAX 93 kiB 14GZ1_22.txt 20 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_22.LAZ 193.9 MiB 14GZ1_22.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_22.txt 18 kiB
14GZ1_23 AHN1 14GZ1_23.LAZ 1.1 MiB 14GZ1_23.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_23.txt 9 kiB Langereis AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_23.LAZ 51.8 MiB 14GZ1_23.LAX 29 kiB 14GZ1_23.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_23.LAZ 103.1 MiB 14GZ1_23.LAX 90 kiB 14GZ1_23.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_23.LAZ 210.5 MiB 14GZ1_23.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_23.txt 14 kiB
14GZ1_24 AHN1 14GZ1_24.LAZ 1.1 MiB 14GZ1_24.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_24.txt 8 kiB Hoogwoud, Langereis AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_24.LAZ 43.7 MiB 14GZ1_24.LAX 23 kiB 14GZ1_24.txt 10 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_24.LAZ 90.1 MiB 14GZ1_24.LAX 91 kiB 14GZ1_24.txt 11 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_24.LAZ 191.0 MiB 14GZ1_24.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_24.txt 12 kiB
14GZ1_25 AHN1 14GZ1_25.LAZ 1.2 MiB 14GZ1_25.LAX 4 kiB 14GZ1_25.txt 11 kiB Hoogwoud, Opmeer AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles, CC-BY
AHN2 14GZ1_25.LAZ 57.1 MiB 14GZ1_25.LAX 26 kiB 14GZ1_25.txt 15 kiB
AHN3 14GZ1_25.LAZ 139.3 MiB 14GZ1_25.LAX 96 kiB 14GZ1_25.txt 17 kiB
AHN4 14GZ1_25.LAZ 264.0 MiB 14GZ1_25.LAX 100 kiB 14GZ1_25.txt 18 kiB

No guarantee on availability, completeness, correctness or fitness for any particular purpose is implied by the distribution of or linking to this data. The license indicated with the products is to the best of my knowledge at the time of writing. Please confirm the applicable license with the source before integrating the data.