GeoTiles.nl

Map - Town index - Tile index

Relevant towns and neighbourhoods

No overlapping towns found.

Tile 26BZ2

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

The aerial photograph closest to the acquisition date of the AHN iteration was overlaid on the point cloud to produce a colored version for visualisation purposes. Furthermore, for each point cloud a spatial index and textual summary, including elevation histogram, are provided. Please note that the images are not from the same flight, and may be years off. Therefore, small alignment errors and differences occur between them.

Zoom in on the map to see tiled versions (25 tiles of 1×1.25 km). Tiled versions typically fit into memory (RAM) are easier to handle and are especially suitable for parallel processing and Machine Learning.

Version Point cloud Spatial index Info License
AHN1 Ground 26bz2.laz 10.2 MiB 26bz2.lax 18 kiB 26bz2.txt 5 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground 26bz2.laz 548 kiB 26bz2.lax 88 kiB 26bz2.txt 7 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 26BZ2.LAZ 10.7 MiB 26BZ2.LAX 23 kiB 26BZ2.txt 7 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles.nl)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles.nl*
AHN2 Ground g26bz2.laz 462.7 MiB g26bz2.lax 526 kiB g26bz2.txt 5 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Non-ground u26bz2.laz 414.1 MiB u26bz2.lax 434 kiB u26bz2.txt 39 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Merged 26BZ2.LAZ 876.8 MiB 26BZ2.LAX 2.0 MiB 26BZ2.txt 39 kiB Stuurgroep AHN (merged product by GeoTiles.nl)
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles.nl*
AHN3 Original C_26BZ2.LAZ 1.6 GiB C_26BZ2.LAX 1.6 MiB C_26BZ2.txt 43 kiB Stuurgroep AHN, public domain
Colored Available for sub-units only, zoom in to select. Remixed by GeoTiles.nl*
AHN4 Original C_26BZ2.LAZ 7.1 GiB C_26BZ2.LAX 2.0 MiB C_26BZ2.txt 24 kiB Het Waterschapshuis, public domain
Colored (Partially) available for sub-units. Remixed by GeoTiles.nl*

*The point cloud is in the public domain and the aerial photograph available under CC-BY. However, the colored point cloud is a new product created by GeoTiles.nl.

File checksums (md5) are available for AHN1, AHN2, AHN3 and AHN4.

Raster

Version DSM DTM ('maaiveld') License
5 meter ½ meter 5 meter ½ meter
AHN1 26bz2.tif.zip public domain
AHN2 r26bz2.tif.zip ahn2_5_26bz2.tif.zip i26bz2.tif.zip public domain *
AHN3 R5_26BZ2.zip R_26BZ2.zip M5_26BZ2.zip M_26BZ2.zip CC-0
AHN4 R5_26BZ2.zip R_26BZ2.zip M5_26BZ2.zip M_26BZ2.zip CC-0 [1, 2, 3, 4]

InSAR

Orbit CSV License
Ascending, 015
Ascending, 088 26BZ2.csv.xz 976 kiB 26BZ2.csv Rijkswaterstaat, CC-0
Ascending, 161 26BZ2.csv.xz 208 kiB 26BZ2.csv Rijkswaterstaat, CC-0
Descending, 037 26BZ2.csv.xz 1.1 MiB 26BZ2.csv Rijkswaterstaat, CC-0
Descending, 110 26BZ2.csv.xz 1.1 MiB 26BZ2.csv Rijkswaterstaat, CC-0
Descending, 139

Official documentation is only available in Dutch. Malformed rows, that do not adhere to the format as specified in the documentation, were removed from the data.Data is compressed with xz-compression. Tools like Pandas are able to read those files transparently. Users of other tools may wish to decompress the files first. Windows users may use 7-Zip, Linux users are likely to have the unxz command available on their machine already. Uncompressed, equivalent, archives are hosted by Rijkswaterstaat.

Aerial photograph

Year Version GeoTiff Source License
2016 RGB RGB_26BZ2.tiff 61.0 MiB Beeldmateriaal, nlextract.nl CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_26BZ2.tiff 58.0 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2017 RGB RGB_26BZ2.tiff 56.3 MiB Beeldmateriaal, nlextract.nl CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_26BZ2.tiff 53.7 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2018 RGB RGB_26BZ2.tiff 59.1 MiB Beeldmateriaal, nlextract.nl CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_26BZ2.tiff 58.1 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2019 RGB RGB_26BZ2.tiff 50.4 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_26BZ2.tiff 45.6 MiB CC-BY 4.0
2020 RGB RGB_26BZ2.tiff 45.7 MiB Beeldmateriaal CC-BY 4.0
CIR CIR_26BZ2.tiff 43.1 MiB CC-BY 4.0

Sub-tiles 26BZ2

Image adapted from OpenTopo.

Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland

Point cloud

These sub-tiles of 1×1.25 km are clipped from the original point cloud. Goal is to enable distributed processing of the point cloud. Therefore, a 25 m overlap to the neighbouring (sub-)tiles is added. Thanks to the overlap between sub-tiles, the sub-tiles can be processed independently and therefore parallel.

All other data sets on this website are only available in the main tiling schema.

Tile Version Point cloud Spatial index Info Residential areas License
26BZ2_01 AHN1 26BZ2_01.LAZ 910 kiB 26BZ2_01.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_01.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_01.LAZ 82.1 MiB 26BZ2_01.LAX 92 kiB 26BZ2_01.txt 19 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_01.LAZ 107.5 MiB 26BZ2_01.LAX 78 kiB 26BZ2_01.txt 20 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_01.LAZ 463.5 MiB 26BZ2_01.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_01.txt 21 kiB
26BZ2_02 AHN1 26BZ2_02.LAZ 751 kiB 26BZ2_02.LAX 5 kiB 26BZ2_02.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_02.LAZ 115.5 MiB 26BZ2_02.LAX 87 kiB 26BZ2_02.txt 18 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_02.LAZ 193.5 MiB 26BZ2_02.LAX 88 kiB 26BZ2_02.txt 19 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_02.LAZ 561.9 MiB 26BZ2_02.LAX 96 kiB 26BZ2_02.txt 20 kiB
26BZ2_03 AHN1 26BZ2_03.LAZ 759 kiB 26BZ2_03.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_03.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_03.LAZ 100.3 MiB 26BZ2_03.LAX 93 kiB 26BZ2_03.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_03.LAZ 135.3 MiB 26BZ2_03.LAX 89 kiB 26BZ2_03.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_03.LAZ 475.8 MiB 26BZ2_03.LAX 96 kiB 26BZ2_03.txt 14 kiB
26BZ2_04 AHN1 26BZ2_04.LAZ 735 kiB 26BZ2_04.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_04.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_04.LAZ 84.2 MiB 26BZ2_04.LAX 99 kiB 26BZ2_04.txt 23 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_04.LAZ 97.0 MiB 26BZ2_04.LAX 78 kiB 26BZ2_04.txt 22 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_04.LAZ 438.7 MiB 26BZ2_04.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_04.txt 20 kiB
26BZ2_05 AHN1 26BZ2_05.LAZ 768 kiB 26BZ2_05.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_05.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_05.LAZ 73.4 MiB 26BZ2_05.LAX 99 kiB 26BZ2_05.txt 23 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_05.LAZ 83.3 MiB 26BZ2_05.LAX 77 kiB 26BZ2_05.txt 20 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_05.LAZ 366.1 MiB 26BZ2_05.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_05.txt 22 kiB
26BZ2_06 AHN1 26BZ2_06.LAZ 879 kiB 26BZ2_06.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_06.txt 6 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_06.LAZ 63.4 MiB 26BZ2_06.LAX 95 kiB 26BZ2_06.txt 16 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_06.LAZ 84.5 MiB 26BZ2_06.LAX 79 kiB 26BZ2_06.txt 13 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_06.LAZ 329.0 MiB 26BZ2_06.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_06.txt 16 kiB
26BZ2_07 AHN1 26BZ2_07.LAZ 854 kiB 26BZ2_07.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_07.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_07.LAZ 99.2 MiB 26BZ2_07.LAX 99 kiB 26BZ2_07.txt 22 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_07.LAZ 92.2 MiB 26BZ2_07.LAX 80 kiB 26BZ2_07.txt 24 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_07.LAZ 382.4 MiB 26BZ2_07.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_07.txt 24 kiB
26BZ2_08 AHN1 26BZ2_08.LAZ 839 kiB 26BZ2_08.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_08.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_08.LAZ 75.0 MiB 26BZ2_08.LAX 98 kiB 26BZ2_08.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_08.LAZ 83.0 MiB 26BZ2_08.LAX 73 kiB 26BZ2_08.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_08.LAZ 311.4 MiB 26BZ2_08.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_08.txt 15 kiB
26BZ2_09 AHN1 26BZ2_09.LAZ 795 kiB 26BZ2_09.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_09.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_09.LAZ 78.0 MiB 26BZ2_09.LAX 99 kiB 26BZ2_09.txt 10 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_09.LAZ 88.8 MiB 26BZ2_09.LAX 80 kiB 26BZ2_09.txt 11 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_09.LAZ 320.0 MiB 26BZ2_09.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_09.txt 12 kiB
26BZ2_10 AHN1 26BZ2_10.LAZ 853 kiB 26BZ2_10.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_10.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_10.LAZ 82.7 MiB 26BZ2_10.LAX 98 kiB 26BZ2_10.txt 24 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_10.LAZ 91.0 MiB 26BZ2_10.LAX 77 kiB 26BZ2_10.txt 24 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_10.LAZ 332.6 MiB 26BZ2_10.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_10.txt 22 kiB
26BZ2_11 AHN1 26BZ2_11.LAZ 802 kiB 26BZ2_11.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_11.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_11.LAZ 65.6 MiB 26BZ2_11.LAX 95 kiB 26BZ2_11.txt 24 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_11.LAZ 80.8 MiB 26BZ2_11.LAX 72 kiB 26BZ2_11.txt 24 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_11.LAZ 343.7 MiB 26BZ2_11.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_11.txt 22 kiB
26BZ2_12 AHN1 26BZ2_12.LAZ 830 kiB 26BZ2_12.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_12.txt 6 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_12.LAZ 66.3 MiB 26BZ2_12.LAX 98 kiB 26BZ2_12.txt 14 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_12.LAZ 80.3 MiB 26BZ2_12.LAX 75 kiB 26BZ2_12.txt 14 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_12.LAZ 347.5 MiB 26BZ2_12.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_12.txt 11 kiB
26BZ2_13 AHN1 26BZ2_13.LAZ 854 kiB 26BZ2_13.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_13.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_13.LAZ 78.5 MiB 26BZ2_13.LAX 99 kiB 26BZ2_13.txt 21 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_13.LAZ 86.0 MiB 26BZ2_13.LAX 75 kiB 26BZ2_13.txt 23 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_13.LAZ 349.5 MiB 26BZ2_13.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_13.txt 22 kiB
26BZ2_14 AHN1 26BZ2_14.LAZ 889 kiB 26BZ2_14.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_14.txt 6 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_14.LAZ 66.3 MiB 26BZ2_14.LAX 98 kiB 26BZ2_14.txt 9 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_14.LAZ 78.6 MiB 26BZ2_14.LAX 75 kiB 26BZ2_14.txt 10 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_14.LAZ 314.0 MiB 26BZ2_14.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_14.txt 11 kiB
26BZ2_15 AHN1 26BZ2_15.LAZ 877 kiB 26BZ2_15.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_15.txt 6 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_15.LAZ 69.9 MiB 26BZ2_15.LAX 97 kiB 26BZ2_15.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_15.LAZ 77.8 MiB 26BZ2_15.LAX 72 kiB 26BZ2_15.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_15.LAZ 309.6 MiB 26BZ2_15.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_15.txt 13 kiB
26BZ2_16 AHN1 26BZ2_16.LAZ 918 kiB 26BZ2_16.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_16.txt 5 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_16.LAZ 65.9 MiB 26BZ2_16.LAX 97 kiB 26BZ2_16.txt 9 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_16.LAZ 82.0 MiB 26BZ2_16.LAX 79 kiB 26BZ2_16.txt 11 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_16.LAZ 351.4 MiB 26BZ2_16.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_16.txt 19 kiB
26BZ2_17 AHN1 26BZ2_17.LAZ 928 kiB 26BZ2_17.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_17.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_17.LAZ 71.6 MiB 26BZ2_17.LAX 99 kiB 26BZ2_17.txt 15 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_17.LAZ 82.7 MiB 26BZ2_17.LAX 76 kiB 26BZ2_17.txt 17 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_17.LAZ 367.2 MiB 26BZ2_17.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_17.txt 16 kiB
26BZ2_18 AHN1 26BZ2_18.LAZ 881 kiB 26BZ2_18.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_18.txt 5 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_18.LAZ 67.4 MiB 26BZ2_18.LAX 97 kiB 26BZ2_18.txt 12 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_18.LAZ 78.1 MiB 26BZ2_18.LAX 70 kiB 26BZ2_18.txt 11 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_18.LAZ 330.5 MiB 26BZ2_18.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_18.txt 14 kiB
26BZ2_19 AHN1 26BZ2_19.LAZ 892 kiB 26BZ2_19.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_19.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_19.LAZ 80.0 MiB 26BZ2_19.LAX 97 kiB 26BZ2_19.txt 16 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_19.LAZ 95.9 MiB 26BZ2_19.LAX 75 kiB 26BZ2_19.txt 19 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_19.LAZ 415.6 MiB 26BZ2_19.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_19.txt 21 kiB
26BZ2_20 AHN1 26BZ2_20.LAZ 962 kiB 26BZ2_20.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_20.txt 8 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_20.LAZ 77.9 MiB 26BZ2_20.LAX 97 kiB 26BZ2_20.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_20.LAZ 90.6 MiB 26BZ2_20.LAX 81 kiB 26BZ2_20.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_20.LAZ 396.2 MiB 26BZ2_20.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_20.txt 14 kiB
26BZ2_21 AHN1 26BZ2_21.LAZ 928 kiB 26BZ2_21.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_21.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_21.LAZ 79.3 MiB 26BZ2_21.LAX 99 kiB 26BZ2_21.txt 19 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_21.LAZ 83.9 MiB 26BZ2_21.LAX 71 kiB 26BZ2_21.txt 20 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_21.LAZ 338.7 MiB 26BZ2_21.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_21.txt 21 kiB
26BZ2_22 AHN1 26BZ2_22.LAZ 942 kiB 26BZ2_22.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_22.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_22.LAZ 69.4 MiB 26BZ2_22.LAX 97 kiB 26BZ2_22.txt 39 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_22.LAZ 85.1 MiB 26BZ2_22.LAX 73 kiB 26BZ2_22.txt 42 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_22.LAZ 367.1 MiB 26BZ2_22.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_22.txt 19 kiB
26BZ2_23 AHN1 26BZ2_23.LAZ 924 kiB 26BZ2_23.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_23.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_23.LAZ 72.2 MiB 26BZ2_23.LAX 75 kiB 26BZ2_23.txt 37 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_23.LAZ 94.9 MiB 26BZ2_23.LAX 75 kiB 26BZ2_23.txt 42 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_23.LAZ 366.6 MiB 26BZ2_23.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_23.txt 13 kiB
26BZ2_24 AHN1 26BZ2_24.LAZ 940 kiB 26BZ2_24.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_24.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_24.LAZ 76.7 MiB 26BZ2_24.LAX 98 kiB 26BZ2_24.txt 11 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_24.LAZ 88.9 MiB 26BZ2_24.LAX 78 kiB 26BZ2_24.txt 12 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_24.LAZ 372.6 MiB 26BZ2_24.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_24.txt 13 kiB
26BZ2_25 AHN1 26BZ2_25.LAZ 933 kiB 26BZ2_25.LAX 4 kiB 26BZ2_25.txt 7 kiB AHN (stuurgroep AHN, public data) and aerial photograph (Beeldmateriaal, CC-BY) remixed by GeoTiles.nl, CC-BY
AHN2 26BZ2_25.LAZ 76.5 MiB 26BZ2_25.LAX 98 kiB 26BZ2_25.txt 9 kiB
AHN3 26BZ2_25.LAZ 81.2 MiB 26BZ2_25.LAX 74 kiB 26BZ2_25.txt 10 kiB
AHN4 26BZ2_25.LAZ 360.9 MiB 26BZ2_25.LAX 100 kiB 26BZ2_25.txt 12 kiB

At the boundaries of its current availability, AHN4 is complemented with AHN3 to ensure full coverage.

No guarantee on availability, completeness, correctness or fitness for any particular purpose is implied by the distribution of or linking to this data. The license indicated with the products is to the best of my knowledge at the time of writing. Please confirm the applicable license with the source before integrating the data.